Honestly, if it's hanging at 0% after Disk Management already bailed, the drive is likely toast. That's a classic sign of the system hitting a physical block it just can't write to.
You can try the list disk > select disk X > clean route in Diskpart first. Sometimes a mangled partition table screws up the whole process, and a clean wipe handles it. After that, try a quick format. If that works, you've basically just bypassed the "bad" areas. It's a band-aid fix though, I'd only use that drive for Steam games or stuff you don't mind losing.
Definitely grab CrystalDiskInfo and look at the SMART stats. If you see any reallocated sectors, the drive is actively dying. Also, don't overlook the cable, swap the SATA cable just to rule out a cheap hardware failure before you trash it.
Bottom line: if a full format fails but a quick one passes, the hardware is failing. Don't trust it with anything important.